More practice on ser, tener, and haber. Includes compound tenses. Intermediate level.
📚 Quick grammar review
📌
Ser in passive constructions — Ser + past participle forms the true passive voice, where the subject receives the action: El libro fue escrito por Cervantes. La ventana fue rota por el viento. The past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. Don't confuse this with estar + past participle, which describes a resulting state.
🔧
Tener que vs hay que — Tener que + infinitive expresses personal obligation: Tengo que estudiar (I have to study). Hay que + infinitive expresses impersonal obligation: Hay que estudiar (One must study / You have to study — general). Hay que has no subject; tener que always has one.
💡
Haber in compound tenses — All Spanish perfect tenses are formed with haber + past participle. The participle never changes form in compound tenses: Ella ha comido (not comida). Present perfect: he comido. Past perfect: había comido. Future perfect: habrá comido. The auxiliary always carries the tense marker.
✨ Ready to practice? ¡Vamos!
Choose the correct response to complete each sentence.